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Waterfront Tiny Home near Boston

For more infomation >> Waterfront Tiny Home near Boston | Perfect Small House Design - Duration: 4:27.

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The end is near? If 2.6 Billion People Go To War: India vs. China!! - Duration: 8:06.

The end is near? If 2.6 Billion People Go To War: India vs. China!!

A hypothetical war between India and China would be one of the largest and most destructive conflicts in Asia.

A war between the two powers would rock the Indo-Pacific region, cause thousands of casualties on both sides and take a significant toll on the global economy.

Geography and demographics would play a unique role, limiting the war's scope and ultimately the conditions of victory.

India and China border one another in two locations, northern India/western China and eastern India/southern China, with territorial disputes in both areas. China attacked both theaters in October 1962, starting a monthlong war that resulted in minor Chinese gains on the ground.

Both countries' "No First Use" policies regarding nuclear weapons make the outbreak of nuclear war very unlikely. Both countries have such large populations, each over 1.3 billion, that they are essentially unconquerable.

Like all modern wars, a war between India and China would be fought over land, sea, and air; geography would limit the scope of the land conflict, while it would be the air conflict, fought with both aircraft and missiles, that would do the most damage to both countries.

The trump card, however, may be India's unique position to dominate a sea conflict, with dire consequences for the Chinese economy.

A war between the two countries would, unlike the 1962 war, involve major air action on both sides. Both countries maintain large tactical air forces capable of flying missions over the area.

People's Liberation Army Air Force units in the Lanzhou Military Region would fly against Punjab, Himchal Pradesh and Uttarakhand and from the expansive Chengdu Military region against India's Arunachal Pradesh.

The Lanzhou district is home to J-11 and J-11B fighters, two regiments of H-6 strategic bombers, and grab bag of J-7 and J-8 fighters.

A lack of forward bases in Xinjiang means the Lanzhou Military Region could probably only support a limited air campaign against northern India.

The Chengdu Military Region is home to advanced J-11A and J-10 fighters but there are relatively few military airfields in Tibet anywhere near India.

Still, China does not necessarily need tactical aircraft to do great damage to India. China could supplement its aerial firepower with ballistic missiles from the People's Liberation Army Rocket Forces.

The PLARF overseas both nuclear, conventional and dual-use ballistic missiles, and could conceivably move up to two thousand short- and medium-range DF-11, DF-15 and DF-21 ballistic missiles into positions adjacent to India.

These missiles could be used to blitz Indian strategic targets on the ground, at the cost of making them unavailable for contingencies in the South and East China Seas.

Meanwhile, India's air forces are in a better position to contest the skies than their Chinese counterparts. While the war would take place on China's sparsely manned frontier, New Delhi is only 213 miles from the Tibetan frontier.

India's air fleet of 230 Su-30Mk1 Flankers, sixty-nine MiG-29s and even its Mirage 2000s are competitive with or even better than most of China's aircraft in theater, at least until the J-20 fighter becomes operational.

India likely has enough aircraft to deal with a two-front war, facing off with Pakistan's Air Force at the same time. India is also fielding the Akash medium-range air defense missile system to protect air bases and other high-value targets.

While India could be reasonably confident of having an air force that deters war, at least in the near term, it has no way of stopping a Chinese ballistic-missile offensive.

Chinese missile units, firing from Xinjiang and Tibet, could hit targets across the northern half of India with impunity.

India has no ballistic-missile defenses and does not have the combined air- and space-based assets necessary to hunt down and destroy the missile launchers. India's own ballistic missiles are dedicated to the nuclear mission and would be unavailable for conventional war.

The war on the ground between the Indian and Chinese armies might at first glance seem like the most decisive phase of the war, but it's actually quite the opposite.

Both the western and eastern theaters are in rugged locations with little transportation infrastructure, making it difficult to send a mechanized army through. Massed attacks could be easily stopped with artillery as attacking forces are funneled through well-known valleys and mountain passes.

Despite the enormous size of both armies (1.2 million for the Indian Army and 2.2 for the Chinese Army) fighting on the ground would likely be a stalemate with little lost or gained.

The war at sea would be the decisive front in a conflict between the two countries. Sitting astride the Indian Ocean, India lies on China's jugular vein.

The Indian Navy, with its force of submarines, aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya and surface ships could easily curtail the the flow of trade between China and Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.

It would take the Chinese Navy weeks to assemble and sail a fleet capable of contesting the blockade. Even then, the blockade would be hard to break up, conducted over the thousands of square miles of the Indian Ocean.

For more infomation >> The end is near? If 2.6 Billion People Go To War: India vs. China!! - Duration: 8:06.

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Working near power lines - Avoiding Utility Strikes Series - Duration: 7:23.

Welcome to SafeWork SA's tool box series

on avoiding utility strikes.

This series is all about avoiding utility strikes

while digging or working near overhead power lines.

This is the fourth episode,

Working Near Overhead Power Lines.

This toolbox outlines the safe approach limits for people

and minimum safe clearance distances for machinery

when working near overhead power lines.

Before starting work,

careful planning and preparation is essential

to ensure work is done safely.

There are many hazards associated

with working near overhead power lines,

including electrical lead-in to your property.

Electricity can be extremely dangerous

and can flash over a gap.

Working near is where there is a reasonable possibility

of coming within an unsafe distance to a power line.

A person or piece of machinery

can be some distance from a power line

and still be in danger.

There is a real risk that a person

can be electrocuted directly or through objects being held.

Working near overhead power lines

can introduce many high-risk construction work activities.

Power lines swing in wind and sag due to heat.

This movement must be allowed for

in any safe clearance distance.

A documented Safe Work Method Statement

will need to be developed for those activities

identifying site specific hazards

and the appropriate risk controls.

The SWMS must also describe

how the control measures are to be implemented,

monitored, and reviewed,

and should include what actions are required

in the event contact is made.

The prescribed safe clearance distances

are covered by law and must be adhered to at all times.

Any breach of these distances

can result in severe injuries and even death.

Safe clearance distances differ

for people, machinery and structures.

There are safe approach limits

that must be maintained by people working near power lines.

Prescribed distances are dependent

on the voltage of the power line.

Low voltage is anything under 1000 volts,

and high voltage is anything over 1000 volts.

Ensure the voltage is correctly identified.

The minimum safe approach limit

is measured from the closest power line

to the closest part of the person.

This includes clothing worn or tools being held.

For example, working near a 240 volt power line,

a person's approach limit, including an object held,

can be no closer than 3 metres.

If you need to work closer than 3 metres

then a SWMS will need to be implemented.

As the diagram shows,

you can work as close as 1 metre to a power line

as long as the movement of tools, materials, and structures

are taken into account.

Remember the higher the voltage,

the greater the approach limits.

Safe operating distances from power lines

are different again for machinery,

such as cranes, excavators or elevating work platforms.

Safe clearance distances

depend on whether the work is done

with or without a person spotting the activity.

No machinery must come within 6.4 metres of a stobie pole,

or 10 metres from a tower

without a spotter and additional control measures.

Again, as with people, safe clearance distances

depend on the voltage of the power line.

For example, for an 11 KV power line with a spotter in place,

you can work between 6.4 metres

and 3 metres to a power line.

If you need to work machinery closer

than minimum safe clearance distances,

contact the technical regulator for advice

on authorisations required.

A SWMS will also need to be implemented

based on a risk assessment and any advice given.

The minimum safe clearance distance to power lines

is measured from the part of the machinery,

including its load, that is closest to the power line wire.

To work to the prescribed distances,

you must be able to show

that you have allowed for any likely movement

for both the power line and the machinery,

including operator error.

The safe clearance distances are absolute

and cannot be breached at any time.

Any breach of the clearance puts you and others

in immediate danger of electric shock.

So, to recap, in order to operate machinery

to minimum safe clearance distances,

you are required by law

to meet the following safety requirements.

Identify the line voltage.

Determine if it's high or low.

High voltage power lines

are those of more than 1,000 volts of electricity.

Complete a documented SWMS based on a risk assessment.

If you need to work closer

than minimum safe clearance distances,

seek authorisation and confirm with SA Power Networks

before commencing.

And, comply with any conditions

specified by SA Power Networks or the technical regulator.

Get a spotter to carry out spotting duties at all times.

A spotter must be a competent person

qualified by experience, training, or both.

Their sole duty is to observe

and warn against unsafe machinery distance from power lines,

including the lifting attachments and the load.

The spotter must have clear line of sight

and be able communicate with the operator effectively.

It is important that a spotter

does not undertake other tasks whilst spotting.

Consider visibility of power lines

when undertaking your risk assessment.

Tiger tails are visual indicators

that can only be used on low voltage lines.

They don't insulate lines, as some might think.

They help operators of machinery and workers

identify distance and perspective of the line.

When working, operating machinery,

or erecting scaffolds near overhead power lines,

it is recommended that you contact SA Power Networks

to install tiger tails on the closest low voltage lines.

When using tiger tails on power lines,

you must still maintain

legal clearance distances at all times.

If the safe clearance distance cannot be maintained,

you will need to apply for a network access permit

from SA Power Networks.

On receipt of the network access permit,

you will need to sign and retain it

until your operation is completed.

The permit will ensure the power lines

will be controlled in an isolated or protected state

until the permit is returned.

The permit has conditions

that must be clearly understood before you sign it.

So in summary,

remember, electricity can be extremely dangerous.

Any breach of legal safe clearance distances

with power lines can result

in severe injuries and even death.

Builders, contractors and workers are reminded to

identify any overhead power lines

that will be a hazard and reduce the risks

so far as is reasonably practicable,

maintain legal safe clearances to overhead power lines,

complete a documented Safe Work Method Statement

based on a risk assessment,

use a spotter if operating machinery,

and if a permit to isolate electricity

or place it in a protected state is issued,

comply with all the permit's requirements.

Additional information on minimum safe clearance distances

to structures, including scaffolds,

is covered in Toolbox 5 of the series.

For more information on workplace safety,

visit safework.sa.gov.au

or call us on 1300 365 255.